The co-founders agreed to build a system that used standard browser capabilities and provided an abstraction layer for Web developers to create stateful Web applications that had a persistent duplex connection to a Web server by holding two Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) connections open and recycling them before standard browser time-outs if no further data were exchanged. The acronym originated at State Software, a company co-founded by Crockford and others in March 2001. Ĭrockford first specified and popularized the JSON format. JSON grew out of a need for a stateless, real-time server-to-browser communication protocol without using browser plugins such as Flash or Java applets, the dominant methods used in the early 2000s. History ĭouglas Crockford at the Yahoo Building. The ECMA and ISO/ IEC standards describe only the allowed syntax, whereas the RFC covers some security and interoperability considerations. That same year, JSON was also standardized as ISO/ IEC 21778:2017. RFC 8259, published in 2017, is the current version of the Internet Standard STD 90, and it remains consistent with ECMA-404. But somehow, 'JAY-sawn' seems to have become more common in the technical community." Crockford said in 2011, "There's a lot of argument about how you pronounce that, but I strictly don't care." Standards Īfter RFC 4627 had been available as its "informational" specification since 2006, JSON was first standardized in 2013, as ECMA-404. The UNIX and Linux System Administration Handbook states that " Douglas Crockford, who named and promoted the JSON format, says it's pronounced like the name Jason. The first (2013) edition of ECMA-404 did not address the pronunciation. s ə n/, as in ' Jason and The Argonauts '". The 2017 international standard (ECMA-404 and ISO/IEC 21778:2017) specifies "Pronounced / ˈ dʒ eɪ. He and Chip Morningstar sent the first JSON message in April 2001. json.ĭouglas Crockford originally specified the JSON format in the early 2000s. It was derived from JavaScript, but many modern programming languages include code to generate and parse JSON-format data. JSON is a language-independent data format. It is a common data format with diverse uses in electronic data interchange, including that of web applications with servers. JSON ( JavaScript Object Notation, pronounced / ˈ dʒ eɪ s ən/ also / ˈ dʒ eɪ ˌ s ɒ n/) is an open standard file format and data interchange format that uses human-readable text to store and transmit data objects consisting of attribute–value pairs and arrays (or other serializable values). People working on this issue don't tend to mention anything about randomness here, so this might be one of those places where there's a disconnect between random people and people who work on this issue.Īnyway, a prima facie, theory-neutral definition of free will is something like this: the capacity to exercise agency in determining one's actions, in a state of affairs where this capacity is sometimes exercised.STD 90 ( RFC 8259), ECMA-404, ISO/IEC 21778:2017 My question is how would one define free will in a consistent way without using something like randomness? And it would be a mistake to imagine that the way the debate is carried out by randomly selected people tells us much about the debate itself. We're likely to have two very different results, on this point, depending on which kind of people we have in mind. I think it's worth distinguishing here between whether the "people" you have in mind are just randomly selected people or whether the "people" you have in mind are academics whose research is in this field. “Free will” isn’t well defined for the people discussing. When I see people debating about free will, it seems to me that the debate is caused by confusion.
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